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| Advances in the Safety Evaluation of Mineral Medicines ‑ Cinnabar and Realgar |
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| DOI：10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_1_19 |
| KeyWord:Cinnabar, compound Chinese medicines, disposition, realgar, toxicity |
| Author | Institution |
| Jing‑Zhuo Tianab |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; b.Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing |
| Ai‑Hua Liangabc |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; b.Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing; c.State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Ganzhou, China |
| Xiao‑Xin Zhua |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences |
| Yong Zhaoab |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; b.Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing |
| Yan Yiab |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; b.Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing |
| Chun‑Ying Liab |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; b.Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing |
| Jia‑Yin Hanab |
a.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; b.Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing |
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| Abstract: |
| Mineral medicines have a long history in the treatment of diseases. Among these, cinnabar and realgar are the most commonly used. This review discusses the differences between cinnabar and realgar and other mercurials and arsenicals. In addition, it explores the toxicity studies carried out on cinnabar and realgar, which include acute and chronic toxicity, neurotoxicological effects, special toxicity, disposition and accumulation, and the relative mechanism of toxicity. Cinnabar and realgar are seldom used alone but rather in combination with herbs or animal medicines. Thus, in this article, we have also included a study of the effect of toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement after cinnabar and realgar were combined with other Chinese medicinal materials. This review provides the theoretical evidence for their clinical application, suggesting that the dosage and treatment period using cinnabar and realgar should be rigidly controlled and emphasis should be placed on the drug safety of special populations. |
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